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village accountant
The village accountant (variously known as ''Patwari'', ''Talati'', ''Patel'', ''Karnam'', ''Adhikari'', ''Shanbogaru'', etc.) is an administrative government position found in rural parts of the Indian sub-continent. The office and the officeholder are called the ''patwari'' in Telangana, Bengal, North India and in Pakistan while in Sindh it is called ''Tapedar''. The position is known as the ''karnam'' or ''adhikari'' in Tamil Nadu, while it is commonly known as the ''talati'' in Gujarat and Maharashtra. The position was known as the ''kulkarni'' in Northern Karnataka and Maharashtra. The position was known as the ''shanbogaru'' in South Karnataka.
==History==
The Patwar system was first introduced during the short but eventful rule of Sher Shah Suri and the system was further enhanced by Emperor Akbar. The British colonial era made minor amendments but continued the system.
In 1814, legislation was enacted requiring all villages to maintain an accountant (talati) as an official agent of the government. The Kulkarni ''Watan'' was abolished in 1918 and paid talatis from all castes were appointed to the new office of the Talati. In some cases, the talatis were the oppressed castes and the abolishing of the Kulkarni Watan system was viewed as a progressive move.
The word is derived from the Sanskrit root ''tal'' which means to accomplish a vow, to establish or to fix.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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